Lessons from The History of How the True Light
on the Covenants Was Established
1888 - 1900
Lesson 1
Ellen White Endorses Waggoner’s Position
Introduction
The true light of the 1888 message always sparks controversy whenever it is presented in its fullness. And there have always been professed believers who claim to accept the 1888 message but who do not believe or agree with either Waggoner or Jones in the essential points of the message.
Although virtually all aspects of the 1888 message have been involved in controversy in Adventism and outside Adventism, the main controversial areas are (in random order)
- the second Adam concept of corporate legal justification of humanity in Christ;
- the concept that Christ in His incarnation took on our corporate sinful fallen flesh, and was really tempted in all points, like as we are tempted, (and even beyond us);
- the "in Christ" concept where we are assured of victory over all sin though the free gift of His righteousness imputed and imparted by faith;
- that God's covenant is God's promise whereas the old covenant is the people's promise;
- that the law which is the schoolmaster in Galatians 3 is especially the moral law of ten commandments;
- that the sacrificial system was not the old covenant;
- that the covenants run concurrently from the fall to the second advent and are conditions of heart and not dispensations of time.
These 7 areas have always triggered heated debate in Adventism and continue to do so even up to the present and will undoubtedly be very hot issues even in the "Loud Cry." We are therefore not very surprised, though we may be saddened, that opposition to the Waggoner-Jones message on the covenants continues on into the 21st century.
Meeting The Ice-Berg Head-On
The counsel given by the word of God in cases such as this is that we meet the error head-on fearlessly and calculatedly so as to destroy falsehood and establish truth in the minds of the people. 2 Tim. 4:2, 3, 4.
Inductive Reasoning
Waggoner used the inductive approach in his study of the covenants. We ourselves have used the inductive approach in establishing the truth of the character of God. The inductive method is one in which absolute principles are first laid down by the word and are then used to interpret other texts of scripture correctly. Without these interpretive principles, so-called proof texts may be misapplied or misinterpreted. This is what is meant by rightly dividing the word of truth.
In order to establish a doctrine we need both inductive and deductive reasoning, the inductive forming the basis for the deductive. If this principle is not followed a person may gather together any number of texts or quotations and "prove" any assertion to his "own satisfaction" but that would not mean that his assertion is the truth of God's word.
All the doctrines of true Seventh Day Adventism were established by the Bible and the Bible alone and then the Holy Spirit declared that the doctrines were the truth through the Testimonies.
Waggoner established the true light on the covenants from the Bible and Bible alone. His arguments were clear and convincing and were of such a nature as to free the doctrine of the covenants from the complicated confusion into which contemporary theology (at that time and now) had thrown it. After the thorough Biblical exposition and proof, the Testimony of the Spirit affixed the stamp of approval.
Section 2:
The Proper Use Of The Testimonies
As said before all SDA doctrines were established from the Bible and the Bible alone and then the “testimonies” were given to declare that the Biblical positions were correct.
Sis E.G. White herself gave clear instructions on the primacy of the Bible and the correct use of the testimonies in establishing doctrine. Here are a few of her clearest counsels on this matter:
Testimonies Never Contradict the Bible. -- The Bible must be your counselor. Study it and the testimonies God has given; for they never contradict His Word. Letter 106, 1907.
“If the Testimonies speak not according to this word of God, reject them. Christ and Belial cannot be united.” Testimonies, vol. 5, p. 691.
On Quoting Sister White. -- How can the Lord bless those who manifest a spirit of "I don't care," a spirit which leads them to walk contrary to the light which the Lord has given them? But I do not ask you to take my words. Lay Sister White to one side. Do not quote my words again as long as you live until you can obey the Bible. When you make the Bible your food, your meat, and your drink, when you make its principles the elements of your character, you will know better how to receive counsel from God. I exalt the precious Word before you today. Do not repeat what I have said, saying, "Sister White said this," and "Sister White said that." Find out what the Lord God of Israel says, and then do what He commands.--Manuscript 43, 1901. (From an address to church leaders the night before the opening of the General Conference session of 1901.).
Bible Principles First, Then the Testimonies. -- It is my first duty to present Bible principles. Then, unless there is a decided, conscientious reform made by those whose cases have been presented before me, I must appeal to them personally. Letter 69, 1896.
E.G. White’s Work Not Unlike That of Bible Prophets. -- In ancient times God spoke to men by the mouth of prophets and apostles. In these days He speaks to them by the testimonies of His Spirit. There was never a time when God instructed His people more earnestly than He instructs them now concerning His will and the course that He would have them pursue. Testimonies, vol. 5, p. 661.
Scripture and Spirit of Prophecy Have Same Author. -- The Holy Ghost is the author of the Scriptures and of the Spirit of Prophecy. These are not to be twisted and turned to mean what man may want them to mean, to carry out man's ideas and sentiments, to carry forward man's schemes at all hazards. Letter 92, 1900.
Relationship of E.G. White Writing to Bible -- The Lesser Light. -- Little heed is given to the Bible, and the Lord has given a lesser light to lead men and women to the greater light. R H. Jan. 20, 1903.
Tested by the Bible. -- The Spirit was not given – nor can it ever be bestowed – to supersede the Bible; for the Scriptures explicitly state that the Word of God is the standard by which all teaching and experience must be tested… Isaiah declares, “To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.” (Isa. 8: 20). G.C. Introduction, p. vii.
Not for the Purpose of Giving New Light. -- "Brother J would confuse the mind by seeking to make it appear that the light God has given through the Testimonies is an addition to the word of God, but in this he presents the matter in a false light. God has seen fit in this manner to bring the minds of His people to His word, to give them a clearer understanding of it."
“The word of God is sufficient to enlighten the most beclouded mind and may be understood by those who have any desire to understand it. But notwithstanding all this, some who profess to make the word of God their study are found living in direct opposition to its plainest teachings. Then, to leave men and women without excuse, God gives plain and pointed testimonies, bringing them back to the word that they have neglected to follow."
“The word of God abounds in general principles for the formation of correct habits of living, and the testimonies, general and personal, have been calculated to call their attention more especially to these principles.” T5. p. 663-664.
Testimonies to Bring Plain Lessons From the Word. -- In the Scriptures God has set forth practical lessons to govern the life and conduct of all; but though he has given minute particulars in regard to our character, conversation, and conduct, in a large measure, his lessons are disregarded and ignored. Besides the instruction in his word, the Lord has given special testimonies to his people, not as a new revelation, but that he may set before us the plain lessons of his word, that errors may be corrected, that the right way may be pointed out, that every soul may be without excuse. Letter 63, 1893.
One of the fundamental principles laid down by Sis. White concerning the establishing of our fundamental doctrines is this:
When a doctrinal position has been thoroughly worked out from the Bible and then confirmed by the Holy Spirit through a Spirit of Prophecy vision, the stamp or seal of God fixes that doctrinal position as absolute truth.
The case of A.F. Ballenger is a case in point. He built up an impressive array of texts and Spirit of Prophecy quotations against the fundamental SDA position of Christ moving into the Most Holy Place in 1844. Ellen White told him that all the quotations and texts he could bring would have no weight with her because he was missing the point that once a line of doctrine had been declared by the Spirit through the Testimonies to be correct, it was absurd to try to use those same testimonies to “prove” another position on that doctrinal point.
“I long daily to be able to do double duty. I have been pleading with the Lord for strength and wisdom to reproduce the writings of the witnesses who were confirmed in the faith in the early history of the message. After the passing of the time in 1844, they received the light and walked in the light, and when the men claiming to have new light would come in with their wonderful messages regarding various points of Scripture, we had, through the moving of the Holy Spirit, testimonies right to the point, which cut off the influence of such messages as Elder A. F. Ballenger has been devoting his time to presenting. This poor man has been working decidedly against the truth that the Holy Spirit has confirmed. When the power of God testifies as to what is truth, that truth is to stand forever as the truth. No after-suppositions contrary to the light God has given are to be entertained.
“Men will arise with interpretations of Scripture which are to them truth, but which are not truth. The truth for this time, God has given us as a foundation for our faith. He Himself has taught us what is truth. One will arise, and still another with new light, which contradicts the light that God has given under the demonstration of His Holy Spirit.” MR. 760, p. 18, 19.
Section 3:
The History of How The Light on the Covenants Was Established
Ever since the 1888 Minneapolis General Conference, Ellen White had been encouraging the study of the Bible on this matter of the covenants. She advised that neither U. Smiths' word nor E.J. Waggoner's word was to be taken for truth but the Biblical position sought and found. Ellen White herself tried to stay out of the controversy by not taking a position on the law in Galatians or the covenants. This is a very important historical fact. She had not studied the matter and she did not take any side in the controversy over the covenants.
The year was 1890. The month was March. Sixteen months had passed since the 1888 General Conference. That was enough time for study and discussion, argument and counter-argument. The debate had been raging on. Uriah Smith, Dan Jones, Elder Porter and G. Butler had stubbornly persisted in teaching that Waggoner was wrong on the covenants and on the law in Galatians. They had held to their opinions that the covenant is defined as a contract, that the ceremonial law was the old covenant and that the covenants were dispensational. But others like Elder Corliss and D.T. Bourdeau studied the Bible and came into agreement with E.J. Waggoner.
The debate was ripe. The time had arrived for God to intervene. Light was sent from heaven. On Thursday night March 6, 1890 Ellen White was shown in a vision the issue on the covenants. She wrote a letter to Elder Uriah Smith on Sabbath March 8th.
But even before we read her letter to Smith it is important to know that Smith wrote a letter to her on February 17, 1890 in which he stated clearly that he deemed Waggoner's position to be erroneous. In fact Smith told Sis. White that Waggoner's articles on Galatians was the second greatest calamity to befall the Advent cause since the death of James White! Smith was sure that Ellen White had condemned J.H. Waggoner (E.J.'s father) for the same position on the law in Galatians in 1856.
Here is the critical part of Smith's letter. I quote from P.E. Penno's historical account in his book: Calvary at Sinai: The Law and the Covenants in SDA History (page 145).
“As it looks to me, next to the death of Brother [James] White, the greatest calamity that ever befell our cause was when Dr. Waggoner put his articles on the book of Galatians through the Signs. I supposed the question of the law in Galatians was settled away back in 1856 …. I was surprised at the articles, because they seemed to me then, and still seem to me, to contradict so directly what you wrote to J.H. Waggoner…" (Letter of U. Smith to E.G. White dated Feb 17, 1890 Battle Creek, Michigan (MMM 154).
So you see how adamant and stubborn Smith was. He was absolutely sure that E.J. Waggoner was wrong. Tensions were so high that an explosion was about to occur.
As we said before, on Thursday night March 6, 1890, God gave the vision that should have settled the issue Amos 3:7. Here now is her letter to U. Smith written March 8, 1890.
“Night before last I was shown that evidences in regard to the covenants were clear and convincing. Yourself, Brother Dan Jones, Brother Porter and others are spending your investigative powers for naught to produce a position on the covenants to vary from the position that Brother Waggoner has presented. Had you received the true light which shineth, you would not have imitated or gone over the same manner of interpretation and misconstruing the Scriptures as did the Jews. What made them so zealous. Why did they hang on the words of Christ? Why did spies follow Him to mark his words that they could repeat and misinterpret and twist in a way to mean that which their own unsanctified minds would make them to mean. In this way, they deceived the people. They made false issues. They handled those things that they could make a means of clouding and misleading minds. The covenant question is a clear question and would be received by every candid, unprejudiced mind, but I was brought where the Lord gave me an insight into this matter. You have turned from plain light because you were afraid that the law question in Galatians would have to be accepted. As to the law in Galatians, I have no burden and never have.” (Letter to U. Smith from E.G. White March 8, 1890; Letter 59, 1890; E.G. W. 1888 p. 604).
We continue now from Penno's historical account pages 144-147:
“
This was a ringing endorsement by Ellen White regarding the
covenants as presented by E.J. Waggoner. Evidently the Lord
observed the great disunity in the leadership of the church.
He wanted to draw them together in the truth as it is in Jesus.
If they would just walk in the light as presented from Scripture.
The other aspect of Ellen White's endorsement addressed the issue of comparison between the Jews of Christ's day and the present church leadership. She said they had confused ideas which baffled the people. In the context of the covenants, the Jews believed the Sinaitic Covenant to be God's unqualified election of the Hebrew people. Therefore, they rejected Christ when He claimed to be the Mediator of God's covenant.
Likewise, Elder Smith had presented a view of the old covenant which represented Israel as God's elect people by means of the covenant with Abraham. The matter of heart condition and faith toward Christ was secondary to God's election. There was a predestinarian flavor to his views of the old covenant. By presenting his confusing views of the old covenant, Elder Smith was acting just as the Jews did in Christ's day who hung on all His words and misrepresented Him to the people.
Ellen White warned Elder Smith: "If you turn from one ray of light fearing it will necessitate an acceptance of positions you do not wish to receive, that light becomes to you darkness, that if you were in error, you would honestly assert it to be truth." (Ibid, E.G.W. 1888 p 605).
Of course, Elder Smith feared that if he gave in on the point of the covenants, then he would have to concede the issue of the law in Galatians. Elder Smith had just written Ellen White on February 17, 1890 about this. He could read the handwriting on the wall as to which direction she was moving, and it disturbed him greatly. He had such cognitive dissonance that it was causing him to question the Testimonies. If one domino fell in his whole theory, then they all would go down.
On Sunday, March 9, the day after she had sent her endorsement of the covenant question to Elder Smith, Ellen White confided to her son W.C. White: "I have no brakes to put on now. I stand in perfect freedom, calling light, light, and darkness, darkness. I told them yesterday that the position of the covenants I believed as presented in my volume 1 Patriarchs and Prophets. If that was Dr. Waggoner's position then he had the truth. (Letter E.G. White to W.C. White and Mary White, March 9, 1980, Battle Creek, Michigan, EGW 1888, p. 617.).
The leadership of the church along with Ellen White had met on Sabbath, March 8, in the afternoon at the Review office chapel.
"I am much pleased to learn that Professor Prescott is giving the same lessons in his class to the students that Brother Waggoner has been giving. He is presenting the covenants…. Since I made the statement last Sabbath that the view of the covenants as it had been taught by Brother Waggoner was truth, it seems that great relief has come to many minds.” (Letter E.G. White to W.C. White and Mary White, March 9, 1980, Battle Creek, Michigan, EGW 1888, p. 617).
Ellen White reported what happened: “There was a large number present. Elders Olsen and Waggoner led the meeting. The blessing of God came upon me, and all knew that the Spirit and power of God were upon me, and many were greatly blessed. I spoke with earnestness and decision ….” Ibid, March 9, 1890 EGW 1888 p. 617.
She directed their attention to her statement in Patriarchs and Prophets on the covenants and declared it to be in harmony with Dr. Waggoner. This was a crucial public meeting because her endorsement of Waggoner's view of the covenants had been by letter to Uriah Smith, W.C. White and Mary White. Now she made the "light" known in a public service.
Unfortunately, an important player was not there for that meeting. She wrote to her son: “I learn Bro. Dan Jones has come home this afternoon.” That was March 10. (Letter E.G. White to W.C. White and Mary White, March 9, 1980, Battle Creek, Michigan, EGW 1888, p. 617). Dan Jones missed this pivotal announcement by two days.
Ellen White got up to speak that Sabbath afternoon in the office chapel. She told them exactly where she stood in the present conflict. She referred to the revelation that had been given her on Thursday night, March 6. She said:
…."the light that came to me night before last laid it all open again before me, just the influence that was at work, and just where it would lead … you are just going over the very same ground that they went over in the days of Christ. You have had their experience; But God deliver us …. You have stood right in the way of God. The earth is to be lighted with His glory, and if you stand where you stand today, you might just as quick say that the Spirit of God was the spirit of the devil” ….
…. “Do not hang on to Brother Smith. In the name of God, I tell you, he is not in the light. He has not been in the light since he was at Minneapolis” ….
…. “Let the truth of God come into your hearts; open the door. Now I tell you here before God, that the covenant question, as it has been presented, is the truth.” E.G.W. Sermon March 8, 1890.
Here Ellen White connects the truth of the covenant with light from the Holy Spirit. This was the same light of the everlasting gospel that would lighten the earth with His glory. Revelation 18:1. To reject the truth of the covenants was to reject the Spirit of God and call him the devil. This was the same kind of dealings which the Jews practiced with the truth Christ presented.
Crediting Elder's Smith views of the covenants was to run in the channels of darkness. His views of the covenants had been reviewed many times. By now there should have been a clear concept between what was truth and error. There was no question where Ellen White stood on the covenants. It was with E.J. Waggoner. The everlasting covenant was the light of justification by faith. It was the light to be shared with the world. With its reception would come the Holy Spirit's blessing to finish the work.”
Ellen White had been working on the history of Bible Patriarchs for a long time. In 1890 she was trying to complete Volume One of the Spirit of Prophecy which was to be published as "Patriarchs and Prophets."
Remember she had said that she had not studied the covenants and was not taking sides until she was sure. Obviously then her writings in Patriarchs and Prophets were not written within the specific context of the doctrine of the Covenants.
When she was shown that Waggoner's position was correct the Holy Spirit directed her to include the true light on the covenants in the book Patriarchs and Prophets as the chapter entitled "The Law and the Covenants."
It should be clear then that any statement in Patriarchs and Prophets which one wishes to apply to the covenants must be interpreted by the Chapter on the Law and the Covenants. This is the correct key of interpretation on the covenants in the book Patriarchs and Prophets.
R.W. Olsen (Grandson of O.A. Olsen) wrote:
"Ellen White's clearest and most comprehensive discussion
of the two covenants is in Patriarchs and Prophets 370-373,
published in 1890. It has yet to be demonstrated that anything
she wrote either prior to or after that date is in conflict
with the Patriarchs and Prophets statement." R.W. Olsen,
E.G. White Estate, March 1981.
We return now to Penno's historical account (147-150):
Early in 1890, Ellen White had been working on an expansion
of the first volume of The Spirit of Prophecy. When she received
divine confirmation on March 6, 1890, of Waggoner's position
on the covenants, she incorporated it into her revised edition
entitled Patriarchs and Prophets.
This was completely new material. It is one of the best statements on the relationship between the covenants and righteousness by faith. Patriarchs and Prophets was published August 26, 1890. Ellen White said:
"The covenant God made with Abraham was the same given to Adam.
This promise pointed to Christ. So Abraham understood it (see Galatians 3:8, 16), and he trusted in Christ for the forgiveness of sins. It was this faith that was accounted unto him for righteousness. The covenant with Abraham also maintained the authority of God's law …
The law of God was the basis of this covenant, which was simply an arrangement for bringing men again into harmony with the divine will, placing them where they could obey God's law.
Another compact called in Scripture the "old" covenant -- was formed between God and Israel at Sinai, and was then ratified by the blood of a sacrifice. The Abrahamic covenant was ratified by the blood of Christ,...” Patriarchs and Prophets 370, 371.
Ellen White distinguished between the two covenants as to when and how they were ratified. She did not confuse them as had Elder Porter. Then she affirmed the validity of the new covenant for Old Testament times.
"That the new covenant was valid in the days of Abraham is evident from the fact that it was then confirmed both by the promise and by the oath of God --- the "two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie." Hebrews 6:18. Patriarchs and Prophets 371.
Ellen White continued her observations regarding the covenants:
"But if the Abrahamic covenant contained the promise of redemption,
why was another covenant formed at Sinai? In their bondage
the people had to a great extent lost the knowledge of God
and of the principles of the Abrahamic covenant. In delivering
them from Egypt, God sought to reveal to them His power and
His mercy, that they might be led to love and trust Him. He
brought them down to the Red Sea --- where, pursued by the
Egyptians, escape seemed impossible - that they might realize
their utter helplessness, their need of divine aid; and then
He wrought deliverance for them. Thus they were filled with
love and gratitude to God and confidence in His power to help
them. He had bound them to Himself as their deliverer from
temporal bondage ….
Living in the midst of idolatry and corruption, they had no true conception of the holiness of God, of the exceeding sinfulness of their own hearts, their utter inability, in themselves, to render obedience to God's law, and their need of a Saviour. All this they must be taught ….
…. The people did not realize the sinfulness of their own hearts, and that without Christ it was impossible for them to keep God's law; and they readily entered into covenant with God. Feeling that they were able to establish their own righteousness, they declared, "All that the Lord hath said will we do, and be obedient. Exodus 24:7…. Only a few weeks passed before they broke their covenant with God, and bowed down to worship a graven image. They could not hope for the favor of God through a covenant which they had broken; and now, seeing their sinfulness and their need of pardon, they were brought to feel their need of the Saviour revealed in the Abrahamic covenant and shadowed forth in the sacrificial offerings. Now by faith and love they were bound to God as their deliverer from the bondage of sin. Now they were prepared to appreciate the blessings of the new covenant.
The terms of the "old covenant" were “Obey and live:” … The new covenant was established upon "better promises" - the promise of forgiveness of sins and of the grace of God to renew the heart and bring it into harmony with the principles of God's law.” Ibid, 372, 373.
She even picked up the theme of Waggoner that there was no "hope for the favor of God" in their broken covenant. Their sinfulness became pronounced. They felt "their need of pardon." They were brought to the Saviour of the Abrahamic covenant. Now instead of coming with their promises, they were bonded to God by genuine "faith and love." They had a new appreciation for His deliverance from "bondage to sin." The exact terms which Waggoner had used to describe the relationships between the old and the new covenants were reflected in her statement. If the Holy Spirit ever endorsed a concept more clearly it was the everlasting covenant of the 1888 message.
Ellen White emphasized Waggoner's point that the old covenant was legalism. The new covenant promise alone provided pardon from sin and divine aid. The Patriarchs and Prophets statement was one of the most beautiful and succinct comments on the glad tidings of the everlasting covenant ever written aside from scripture.
On Monday, March 10, Ellen White received a hopeful sign of
God's providence:
“I am much pleased to learn that Professor Prescott
is giving the same lessons in his class to his students that
Brother Waggoner has been giving. He is presenting the covenants.
John [Dr. Froom] thinks it is presented in a clear and convincing
manner. Since I made the statement last Sabbath that the view
of the covenants as it had been taught by Brother Waggoner
was truth, it seems that great relief has come to many minds.
I am inclined to think Brother Prescott receives the testimony,
although he was not present when I made this statement. I thought
it time to take my position and I am glad that the Lord urged
me to give the testimony that I did.” Letter E.G. White
to W.C. White and Mary White, March 10, 1890, Battle Creek,
Michigan. EGW 1888, p. 623.
On Tuesday, March 11, Ellen White wrote to her son W.C. White:
“Brother Porter was on his feet, all broken up so that
he could say nothing for a few moments; then he said that when
I had spoken to him personally, before those assembled in the
office chapel, he rose up against it, but he felt now that
it was just what he needed, and he thanked the Lord for the
reproof. He confessed the wrong that he had done me and Elder
Waggoner, and humbly asked us to forgive him. He said he could
not see clearly on all points in regard to the covenants, but
that he would walk humbly before God, follow Jesus and seek
light all the time. He said that he had been disbelieving the
testimonies, but he said, "I believe them now. God has
spoken to us through Sister White this morning. I believe every
word; I accept the testimony as from God. I take my stand upon
them, for I believe that to be the Lord's side.” Ibid,
March 11, 1890.
This was step in the right direction for Elder R.C. Porter who had sought to pass a resolution at the 1888 conference in order to stop the discussion on the covenants since Elder Butler was absent. However, he was still confused in his thinking about the covenants and had not come out completely into the light. On Thursday, March 13, Ellen White noted, "Brother Porter spoke but there was a holding back - nothing free and clear.
Later that year Elder Porter was back in Minnesota and received a letter from Dan Jones which continued to feed his negativism toward the covenant message. Dan Jones wrote to him:
“I find that the agitation on the covenant question and justification by faith has lost none of its force as it has gone out to different parts of the field, but has rather gathered strength and taken on objectionable features, until they see it now in a much worse light than it really is.” Letter of Dan Jones to R.C. Porter, May 5, 1890.
Summary
On Sabbath, March 8, 1890, Ellen White gave a testimony to the leadership of the church. She had received a night vision, March 6, confirming that Elder Waggoner had the light on the covenant issue. She also confirmed this by letters written to Uriah Smith and W.C. White.
Thus by letters, public meetings, and her book Patriarchs and Prophets Ellen White expressed where divine authority rested on the matter of the covenants. She now expressed the comprehensive view of the covenants as part and package of the three angel's message. It was the light given by the Holy Spirit to be given to the world. The everlasting covenant was the gospel of Jesus Christ unto salvation.
Ellen White's vision about the covenants did not resolve the interpersonal conflicts that were going on at the institute. Nor did it resolve personal beliefs about the covenants among the leadership of the church. There was much heart-work left to be done. Before the institute dismissed, however, the Spirit of God was to provide ample opportunity for confession and reconciliation. (P.E. Penno’s Calvary At Sinai: The Law And The Covenants In SDA History.)
Next in the Series: Lesson 2 Massive Opposition
Appeal
“This then is the message which we have heard of him, and declare unto you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all. If we say that we have fellowship with him, and walk in darkness, we lie, and do not the truth: But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin.” 1 John 1:5 – 7.
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